|
classical empiricism Locke / Hume |
|
enlightenment | classical rationalism
Descartes |
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| ¯ | ¯ |  |
¯ | |||
| positivism
Comte / Mach
|
mechanistic materialism | subjective idealism
Kant / neo-kantianism |
romanticism | |||
| objective idealism
Hegel / neo-hegelianism |
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| evolutionary materialism | ||||||
| ¯ | marxism / dialectical
historical materialism
Marx / Engels / Bernal / Caudwell / Gramsci /
|
Frankfurt School
|
¯ | |||
| logical positivism
Vienna Circle /Russell / Ayer |
pragmatism /
radical empiricism / naturalism James / Dewey |
process philosophy
Whitehead |
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| ¯ | historicism / sociology of knowledge | structuralism | existentialism
/ phenomenology
Husserl / Heidegger |
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| neo-positivism
Popper / Wittgenstein / Lakatos/ |
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| neo-positivist historicism
Kuhn |
critical realism | deconstruction
primitivist anti-modernism / eco-feminism / new age / green /counter-culture |
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| sociology of science / Edinburgh School | sociology of science / Paris School | |||||
| post-positivism
/post-modernism
Rorty / Feyerabend |
post-rationalism
/ post-modernism
Foucault / Derrida / |
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